Essay --

It is difficult to ascertain the general view of an entire population towards another group of people. The opinion the British had for the American colonies was already negative as the colonists were generally viewed as second class citizens. The relationship declined after the Seven Years War. It was costly for Britain and they were forced to raise taxes in the colonies so as to financially recover. Many Americans were unwilling to pay and rebelled against the crown for it. King George III and majority of Britain viewed the Americans as ungrateful for their refusal and began to use force through their taxation. This would eventually lead to rebellious ideas forming in the colonies, but these ideas were treated as only belonging to a very small minority. Once the supporters for a revolution increased, it was falsely assumed that these â€Å"Yankees† were using bullying tactics to silence opposition. Another issue was that the damage from the war made it apparent to the British that a militia was not enough to protect their colonies from future enemies, so they had developed a large army to remain in America to protect their interests. However, maintaining an army can be costly, which is another reason taxes were so high for the colonists that most were unable to pay them. Their complaints were mostly ignored and taxes were collected through force. It was becoming apparent to colonists that they were nothing, but an economic resource to Great Britain, which would eventually lead to a revolution. This mentality that Americans are inferior to the British did not just sprout out of thin air. Although the colonies had become almost self-governing, many in Britain assumed this superiority complex due to the complete control they had over ... ...o this for the colonists. Instead, Americans were only able to exercise as much power as was granted to them by Parliament. There was no suggestion of colonial troops being developed to defend America. No leaders in Britain seemed to consider simply asking the colonists for financial aid, instead of just voting in taxes to forcefully place on them. A colonial government would only work with Britain if they could see a profit and there seemed to be no faith in colonial soldiers because they would operate under rules different to the British army. In fact, these prejudices were based on British interpretations of the early part of the Seven Year’s War. Failure to cooperate between British commanders and the colonial governments was common and sometimes hostile. The contributions that the colonists provided were mostly ignored, such as their provision of many troops.

Qualities of Servant Leadership

QUALITIES OF SERVANT LEADERSHIP (From the life of Nehemiah) If we look around the world today people are crying for leaders who will be able to bring changes for the betterment of society, community, organizations, and nations. This has been true in the secular world and Christian organizations throughout history. Today, specifically talking about Christians, we know that different churches and Christian organizations are in need of good godly leaders, and this has been one of the greatest needs since the beginning of the Church. So we know that leaders are vitally important for the well-being and growth of the Church.Leaders play an important role in churches and societies, yet their responsibilities are not easy at all. Throughout history we can see that leaders have played an important part in leading, guiding, encouraging, and leaving a heritage for the generations to come. Many leaders fail to do the task they were responsible to perform, and some perform with flying colors but last for only a short time. But no matter how good a leader is, he does not stay forever. So, the most important thing a leader can do is leave a heritage for the generations to come and glorify God in all he does.Good leaders will always leave godly footprints which will guide future generations in the way they should go. If one were going to talk about good leaders in the Bible, Nehemiah would be a prominent one. There are not many leaders like Nehemiah who completed the task of leadership successfully. Many leaders in the Bible are known as good ones, but they failed at certain points in their live. However, the Bible has no record of failure for Nehemiah. So in this paper, my intention is to present qualities that made Nehemiah a great leader.It is my prayer that we will be encouraged and learn something from the life of Nehemiah. I hope we will truly be applying these principles in our lives and be challenged and transformed. I believe we will be effective servant leaders if we prepare our hearts to do God’s work as Nehemiah did. Background History of Nehemiah To talk about Nehemiah it would be good to begin with his historical background and a brief history of the Israelites so that we can better understand him. Nehemiah was the son of Hachaliah. He was born of Jewish parents in exile. His name â€Å"Nehem-Yah† means â€Å"the comfort of Jehovah. From this it is possible to assume that Nehemiah’s home was a godly one. (Jensen, 46) He also had a brother Hanani (Neh. 1:2) Looking back on the history of Israel, we know that after King Solomon reigned in Israel, the nation split into two kingdoms in 931 B. C. – the northern kingdom (Israel) and the southern kingdom (Judah). After that there were no good kings in Israel, but in Judah there were a few partially good kings. Kings like Asa, Jehoshaphat, and a few others followed God’s will for some time; but they did not continue to follow God fully and wholeheartedly. So they failed at some time in their lives.Josiah was the only good king without blame that Judah had after Israel became two kingdoms (2 Kings 22:2). Due to their wickedness God punished Israel and Judah. The two kingdoms were taken into captivity several times. The Northern Kingdom fell first, and the people were taken into captivity by the Assyrians in 772 B. C. After a few years, the southern kingdom was conquered by the Babylonians, and they were taken into captivity in 586 B. C. After forty-eight years in captivity, in 538 B. C. , the Israelites first returned to Judah from captivity under the leadership of Zerubbabel (Ezra 1:1-2:2).The second return was in 458 B. C. led by Ezra (Ezra 7:1-10). In 444 B. C. Nehemiah returned to Judah, and God used him to guide Judah in rebuilding the city walls and reordering the people’s social and economic lives (Zuck, 673). So there is a possibility that Nehemiah’s great-grandparents were taken into captivity in 586 B. C. when Jerusal em fell into Babylonian hands. This tells us that Nehemiah was born in Persia. Dr. Knoblet says, â€Å"Nehemiah was probably born in Persia around Susa sometime during or soon after Zerubbabel’s ministry in Jerusalem. (Knoblet, 19) Apart from all this information Nehemiah’s genealogy is not known. Nehemiah was just a mere man; but he left his mark on history because he was an available man. (Stewart, 22) We don’t know how a Jewish born, son of a slave become a palace servant; but we do know that Nehemiah was the king’s cup bearer while he was in Susa. (Neh 1:11). When Artaxerxes, the king of Persia gave permission to Nehemiah to return to Judah with his people and rebuild the wall, Nehemiah returned to Judah and served as the governor of Judah and led his people in rebuilding the city wall.Though there are different views on the chronology of the years of Nehemiah’s service as governor, it is probable that he was in Jerusalem for twelve years (444 -432 B. C. ), went to Susa for two years (432-430 B. C. ), and returned. (Knoblet, 129) If we are going to find a man in the Bible who shows us what true leadership is really all about, it is no doubt Nehemiah. (Knoblet, 150) Now, the question is – What made him a great leader? Why was he so effective in his ministry? Let us discuss the qualities that made Nehemiah a great leader. Qualities of Nehemiah Without spirituality one cannot be a good leader.Jenses says, â€Å"Nehemiah was not a priest, scribe, prophet, rabbi, theologian or pastor. As a public official his vocation was secular, not religious. And yet, he clearly demonstrated in his service that spirituality is for the secular as well as for the religious vocation. † (Jensen, 64) So, what makes Nehemiah a good and effective leader must obviously be his spiritual walk with God. Let us discuss some of his qualities – 1. A Man who Feared God: Nehemiah’s qualities of leadership are all tied to his fea r of God. It would not be possible for him to do what he did without the fear of God.When Nehemiah returned to Judah he found the Jews were going through hard times. Talking about the condition of the Jews in Judah, George and Syme said, â€Å"There had been drought, poor crops and recession. But people had to eat, and taxes inexorably fell due. Many were so heavily in debt that, having no more property to mortgage, they were reduced to selling their children into slavery. † (George and Syme, 92) All these things happened due to the corrupt practices of the leaders and moneylenders; but Nehemiah, unlike the other leaders, stayed pure.So, it is evident that when Nehemiah was the Governor of Judah, he did not practice any corruption because he feared God. (Neh. 5: 15) Not only in reference to corruption, but in everything Nehemiah feared the Lord; and as a result, he lived a life which was pleasing to the Lord. His fear of God gave him boldness for he knew God was happy with hi s life. So, when Shemiah told Nehemiah to meet him in the house of God, intending to kill him, Nehemiah was not scared because he knew that God was with him. Seume comments on Nehemiah’s boldness by saying, â€Å"He feared man little because he feared God much. (Seume, 71) That’s the secret of his success in his leadership. 2. A who Knew God’s Word: Though Nehemiah was born and brought up in the land of captivity, it is evident that he read and learned God’s Word and knew God’s promises for his people. This is evident because he quotes the book of Leviticus, Deuteronomy, and Exodus in Nehemiah 1: 8-11. It would not be possible for Nehemiah to enquire about his brethren in Judah from Hanani who returned from Judah, if he was not aware of God’s promise for His people. 3.A Man of Right Burden: When Nehemiah heard that the survivors who were left from the captivity in the province were there in great distress and the wall of Jerusalem was also broken down, and its gates were burned with fire, he was burdened by it. (Neh. 1:3) This was the right burden because he knew God’s promises for the Israelites. But what he heard was the opposite of what God had intended for the Israelites. Since Nehemiah knew God’s promises for the Jews he was burdened because the Israelites were in distress and Jerusalem wall was broken. He was so burdened that the king Artaxerxes could see it in his face. Neh. 2: 2) He wanted to rebuild the wall and point his people back to God’s promises and commandments. That’s the right burden because it is God’s burden. It is not possible to have the right burden without knowing the Almighty God and His promises. If Nehemiah’s burden was not right he could have just enquired and been emotionally sad but never acted upon it to put things back in order. What a leader was by having a burden about God’s work! 4. A Man of Prayer: When Nehemiah heard about the situat ion of Jerusalem and the Jews in Judah, he prayed to God. (Neh. :5-11) He interceded for his people and begged God’s forgiveness for himself and his people. Paul N. Benware says, â€Å"Nehemiah spent about four months in prayer. He confessed the sins of Israel and prayed for the favor of king Artaxerxes. † (Benware, 152) This makes it clear that before Nehemiah did something he saught God’s will first. 5. A Man of Patience: After Nehemiah heard about the reproach and distress of the Jews and the broken down wall of Jerusalem, he prayed to God and wept. (Neh. 1: 3-4) He also prayed to God so that the king would have mercy on him and llow him to go to rebuild the city wall. (Neh. 1: 11) But four months passed, and Nehemiah was patient to wait for God’s time. Wiersbe comments on Nehemiah’s patience saying, â€Å"†¦Nehemiah patiently waited on the Lord for directions; because it is through faith and patience that we inherit the promise (Heb. 6:12 ). He that believeth shall not make haste. (Isa. 28:16). True faith in God brings a calmness to the heart that keeps us from rushing about and trying to do in our own strength what only God can do. We must know not only how to weep and pray, but also how to wait and pray. (Wiersbe, 638) 6. A Man of Action and Example: Nehemiah not only interceded for himself and his people, he prayed to God that he would find favor in the sight of the king. (Neh1: 11b) Moreover, he boldly told his burden to the king and asked his favor to go to Judah to do the business of the Lord. (Neh 2: 3-8) God never fails those who seek His will and do His work. It is because of God’s work that Nehemiah found favor in the sight of the king. (Neh. 2: 8b) As a leader Nehemiah did not just give commands, but he associated himself with his people, and he took part in rebuilding the wall. Neh. 4:21-23) Moreover, he did not depend on people, but he used his own things for his business. (Neh. 5: 15-16) It is be cause of his actions that he was respected as a leader. He guided and led his people by setting an example. He put into practice what he said. 7. A Man of Careful Planning: As a leader Nehemiah studied the problems before he did the work. He was careful to select a few men along side of him, and they enquired about the walls and gates at night and told no one before they knew what needed to be done. Neh 2: 12-16) Before Nehemiah began the work, he already had an inspection of the place and knew what the situation was and what needed to be done. (McGee, 86) Secret goals and plans are what leaders should have in any ministry. Also, be careful not to make the secret too concealed that no one will know anything about it and it will bring no fruit at all. Nehemiah carefully handled this. Though he had a secret, he knew when and what to share about his secret plan. In the right time he revealed enough things to his people so that they would get to work and be able to achieve the set goals . Neh. 2: 16) Commenting on Nehemiah’s secret plans Swindoll says that before Nehemiah began his work, he did not say anything about his plans for three days. (Swindoll, 49) This shows that Nehemiah kept secrets when he planned, and after he carefully studied and made an architectural plan of the way to achieve the goals, he shared the plans with his people. That showed his incredible ability to balance things at the right time and in the right place. 8. A who Motivates: After Nehemiah studied the problems and had a plan, he motivated his people to build the wall of Jerusalem.It is because of his preparation that he knew what to say and the people understand his intention. So, without any hesitation all the Israelites followed his leadership. (Neh. 2: 18b) The source of his motivation was in the Lord. Nehemiah trusted the Lord in all things. He had seen many things that the Lord had done for Israel and he believed that the Lord would continue to do so. In motivating his peopl e Nehemiah said, â€Å"Remember the Lord, who is great and awesome! † (Neh. 4: 14) By saying this Nehemiah meant to say that, â€Å"God helped us before and He’ll help us again! He is our covenant God! That’s why I’m here!That’s why the wall is half up! He is great! He is awesome! Let’s continue to trust Him! Let’s not give up now! † (Getz, 81) What an encouragement for the Israelites, having such a leader who motivated in the right way! 9. A Who knows well his People: When the time came to rebuild the wall of Jerusalem, Nehemiah appointed leaders in different areas; and they began the work. Looking at the work strategy, it is evident that Nehemiah knew his people’s ability, talents, and strengths. (Neh. 3) This is an extraordinary ability of Nehemiah. As a leader it is important to know well the people that we serve.This also tells us that Nehemiah was good in building relationship because it would not be possible to kn ow people well without knowing them well. 10. A Man who is ready to face Challenges: As rebuilding of the wall began there was opposition from enemies. Nehemiah was not afraid of them, and he was not discouraged. In the midst of challenges Nehemiah prayed to God and was ready to defend. (Neh. 4: 9) But that was not the end for him. It is important to pray, but it was not the only thing they needed. To have prayed only would have been presumption and to have watched only would have indicated a lack of faith. Campbell, 39) Nehemiah balanced it all, and he was ready for challenges that came along his way. 11. A Man who relies on God: When the Jews were opposed, Nehemiah turned to God and prayed to Him. Not only that, he directed his people to rely on God’s strength and readied to fight for the Lord. (Neh. 4: 14) Throughout the course of rebuilding the wall, opposition came. But Nehemiah always prayed to God which tells us that he always relied on God for God’s work. Foull ah says that, â€Å"as a godly leader, Nehemiah was dependent upon God from whom he received his personal support and encouragement, which motivated him enough to succeed. Foullah) What a leader, seeking God’s will and relying on God’s strength rather than self confidence! 12. A Man of Compassion and Justice: With the poverty situation among the Jews, there were richer people who did business with their fellow brothers. When the rich oppressed the poor in many unjust ways, there was an outcry of the poor against their own Jewish brethren, and Nehemiah acknowledged that. So, he assembled all his Jewish brethren and rebuked all those who treated others unjustly. (Neh. 5: 9) Nehemiah was bold to stand up for the poor and rebuke the sins of the rich because of his compassionate and just heart.His justice resulted in taking action against any sin immediately. Commenting on Nehemiah’s instant reaction with sin Kidner says, â€Å"Ever realistic, Nehemiah leaves no ro om for postponement or for second thoughts, and make sure that the promises are upgrade into oaths, properly sworn in the presence of the priests. † (Kidner, 97) Nehemiah was a leader who was impartial. He valued all people equally. 13. A Man of Generosity: Nehemiah not only spoke for the poor he also shared what he had with others. He fed one hundred and fifty Jews and rulers.Moreover there were others from the nations around them. So, Nehemiah prepared one ox and six sheep daily for them. Also, fowl, and once every ten days an abundance of all kinds of wine was prepared. (Neh. 5: 18) 14. A Man of Wisdom: When Nehemiah was invited by the enemy to meet in the house of the Lord to talk about business, Nehemiah sensed that he would be in trouble if he went there so he decided not to go. (Neh. 6) This is wisdom. Leaders should be sensitive of dangers and should deal with things carefully and wisely. That’s the wisdom Nehemiah had as a leader. 5. A Man who Respects others: Though Nehemiah was the governor of Judah and knew God’s Word, he had a high respect for Ezra the scribe and worked together with him. (Neh. 8: 1-9) Nehemiah did not ever rule his people as his property but allowed others to serve in different ways. Moreover, he also appointed many leaders in different ways. (Neh. 3) This makes it clear that Nehemiah highly respected others. This is a good attitude for leaders. 16. A Man who is bold for God: After Nehemiah returned from Jerusalem he found that Eliashib repared a room for Tobiah in the courts of the house of God. Nehemiah was angry and threw all the household goods of Tobiah out of the room and commanded the room to be cleansed. He also found out that the Levites had not been given their portions. So, Nehemiah gathered the leaders and commanded that portions for Levites should be brought to the house of the Lord. (Neh. 13: 1-13) Moreover, Nehemiah strongly forced the people to observe the Sabbath, and gave warning to those who broke the law. (Neh. 13: 21) He also contended with the Jews who married foreign women.Nehemiah cursed them, struck some of them, and pulled out their hair, and made them swear in God’s name that they should not allow their sons and daughters to intermarrying with foreigners. (Neh. 13: 25) It is evident that Nehemiah was bold for the things of the Lord. His actions would not be necessarily bad for that time period, in that culture and with the situations. If Nehemiah was bold enough to do that, it shows that he was right in doing what he did because no one was against what he did. As a leader, dealing with problems takes courage and Nehemiah did it successfully.Moreover, he cleansed every pagan thing and assigned duties to the priests and the Levites, each to his service. (Neh. 13: 30) 17. A Man with a Thankful Heart: After the wall was completed they dedicated it to the Lord. They celebrated the dedication with gladness, both with thanksgiving and singing. (Neh. 12: 27) Neh emiah brought the leaders of Judah up on the wall, and appointed two large thanksgiving choirs. (Neh. 12: 31) This shows that Nehemiah always remembered how he prayed to God from the very start, and now he came to God with a thankful heart because God allowed him to complete his project.The city was full of joy at the day of dedication. McIntire comments of Nehemiah’s joyful heart saying, â€Å"The fullness of the joy of Jerusalem is in the heart of Nehemiah, too. Speaking of the people upon the walls, he says, ‘So stood the two companies of them that gave thanks in the house of God, and I, and half of the rulers with me. ’ Jerusalem is a city of joy. Jerusalem is the city of the king. Jerusalem is the holy city. † (McIntire, 99-100) A godly leader will always remember God’s goodness and will worship God with a thankful heart. 18. A Man of Humility: In whatever he did Nehemiah did not seek fame or popularity.He did what he ought to do with humility. Talking about Nehemiah’s humility Maciariello says it well – Whatever his strengths or weaknesses of character, Nehemiah does not seek temporal rewards. Although, after completing the city wall, he leads remarkable religious and social reforms during his two terms as governor of Judah, his account ends with a simple request that God remember his deeds on behalf of the people: â€Å"Remember me, O my God, for good† (Neh 13:31). Nehemiah's behavior exemplifies the Christ-exalting characteristics of leadership enumerated in this article (sincerity, tenacity, mood, scope, realm, and rewards).His example endures as proof of the wisdom of godly principles of leadership and management. (Maciariello, 8) What can we Learn from Nehemiah The story of Nehemiah gives us an extraordinary example of a servant-leader motivated and acting for God's ends. It also provides an example of the use of godly means in the pursuit of excellence in leadership and management, and the focu s upon achieving positive results. Looking at the footsteps Nehemiah left for the generation to come is incredible. What a great model of leadership he was! Today in the Christian and secular world, there are great things that need taken care of.How are we going to begin the process? I believe the only way to begin is to turn our hearts to the Lord as a leader, and motivate others to do so. It is so evident from Nehemiah’s life that without God nothing is possible. Man’s strength is fallible and weak in itself, but God is infallible, mighty, and powerful. So, leaders should trust God in everything. That’s what Nehemiah did! The leadership qualities of Nehemiah mentioned above are important for leaders in communities, Churches, and any Christian organization. The only way to begin is to fear the Lord and submit ourselves to Him.If we honestly take God seriously, I believe the other leadership qualities will be evident in our lives. The problem with leaders today in the secular and Christian world is the lack of the fear of God. We fail time and time again because we try to do things by our own strength. The Psalmist says it well in Psalm 127:1, â€Å"Except the LORD build the house, they labour in vain that build it: except the LORD keep the city, the watchman waketh but in vain. † Let us remember that God is the source of every good thing, and to make the world better we have to turn to the Lord.Leaders should seek God first for wisdom and understanding in all they do. I believe there will be a difference in community, society, churches and any ministry if God is the first and foremost priority that every leader seeks as Nehemiah did. Bibliography Benware, Paul N. Survey of the Old Testament. Chicago, Il: Moody, 1993. Campbell, Donald K. Nehemiah Man in Charge. Wheaton, Il: Victor, 1979. Foullah, Leopold A. â€Å"The Characteristics of Good Leadership. † Ezine Articles. Web. . Getz, Gene A. Nehemiah A Man of Prayer and Persis tance. Ventura, CA: Regal, 1981.Jensen, Irving L. Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther. Chicago, Il: Moody, 1970. Kidner, Derek. Ezra, Nehemiah. Leicester, England: Inter-Varsity, 1979. Maciariello, Joseph. â€Å"Lessons in leadership and management from Nehemiah. † BNET, Oct. 2003. Web. . McGee, J. Vernon. Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther. Nashville. TN: Thomas Nelson, 1991. McIntire, Carl. The Wall of Jerusalem is Broken Down. Collingswood, NJ: Christian Beacon, 1954. Stewart, Paul A. Nehemiah the Involved Layman. Glendale, Ca: Gospel Light, 1974. Sueme, Richard H. Nehemiah God's Builder. Chicago, Il: Moody, 1978. Swindoll, Charles R.Hand Me Another Brick. Nashville, TN: W Group, 1998. Syme, George S. Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther. Denver, CO: Accent-B/P Publications, 1981. Walvoord, John F. , and Roy B. Zuck. The Bible Knowledge Commentary: The Old Testament, Colorado Springs, Colorado: Victor, 1983. Wiersbe, Warren W. The Bible Exposition Commentary: Ole Testament History (Joshua-Esther). Colorado Spri ngs, CO: Victor, 2003. Williamson, H. G. M. Israel In The Books of Chronicles. New York, NY: Cambridge UP, 1977. Knoblet, Jerry. Exile and Restoration. Bradley, WV: Appalachian Bible College, 2010.

European Colonization On Sub Saharan African Education

European Colonization on Sub-Saharan African Education Before the Europeans came and colonized much of Africa, including its schooling systems, many educational practices in Africa consisted of groups of older people, known as elders, teaching aspects of life such as rituals and rites of passage, helping to transition children into adulthood. Almost every member of the African community played a part in the educational upbringing of a child. However, when European colonialism began to take place, it started to change the indigenous education systems once taught before. Schooling was no longer just about rituals, instead school now meant earning an education that could compare to countries throughout Europe and the United States. Even with the improvements of educational systems throughout Africa, educational participation rates in many Sub-Saharan African countries are still low. When it comes to the educational history of sub-Sahara Africa, it can be divided into three eras: the pre-colonial period; the colonial period; and the period after independence. African children in pre-colonial period, learnt how to survive life through experiences and instructions from their elders. Indigenous forms of education served the needs of the community as a whole, meaning African children, during that period learnt what they lived. Indigenous education systems also varied from one place to another, as different African cultures were present. Director Aà ¯cha Bah-Diallo of the UnitedShow MoreRelatedThe Link Between British Colonization Of Sub Saharan Africa And Lasting Economic Problems990 Words   |  4 Pagesinferior nation. European nations deployed a mission of colonization to bring the continent civilization. This paper interprets the link between British colonization of Sub-Saharan Africa and lasting economic problems evident today. 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Biomolecules In Biology - 1739 Words

Previous research I have always been fascinated in understanding about the ecological and biological processes of aquatic organisms and their interaction with the environment, especially their response and impacts of greenhouse gases. My past research focused on methods development for detecting and quantifying key elements and chemical compounds that actively influence the growth and distribution of aquatic organisms, and their interaction to environmental change. Environmental proteomics, genomic and biochemical studies in the biomineralization process are the most applicable approaches for understanding all these biological features. Therefore, I was very much interested to work with these promising tools, which are also†¦show more content†¦My innovative findings were recognized with the â€Å"President Award† from the University of the Ryukyus and many awards from international scientific forums. My innovation also recognized by the Japanese famous newspapers (e. g., The RYUKYU SHIMPO, Sept. 1, 2009), TV, radio and many magazines. Using my new proteomics technique, I also identified two proteins (Ca2+-binding and glycoproteins) for the first time in corals (refs---), which are also essential in the biological structure of other calcifying aquatic organisms. At an earlier stage of my postdoctoral tenure at the University of Ryukyus, I identified a carbonic anhydrase (CA) enzyme in the organic matrix of soft coral sclerites (Rahman et al., 2008) and demonstrated its functional properties in the calcification process and it’s involvement in climate change (ref--). It was the first evidence to identify CA in alcyonarian coral. This finding allowed us to understand that carbonic anhydrase domain is involved in the biological series of ocean chemistry as a catalyst. Our observations in this study strongly suggest that the matrix protein in aquatic organism is not only a structural protein but also a catalyst. It was important to understand about CA and how it involves in the biological process of aquatic organisms in environmental change. During my tenure in Germany (University of Munich), I purified and characterized functional proteins from deep sea jewelry corals and explored on how to make theirShow MoreRelatedLab Report On Chemical Compounds1107 Words   |  5 Pages Abstract: In this lab report two unknown substances will be tested. The tests performed were looking for the presence of the main biomolecules, Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins. The tests used will be used in the Lab report are; The Benedicts test to test for sugars, the Iodine test for coiled or non-coiled carbs, The Grease-spot test for lipids, and the Biuret test for proteins. Tests show that both substances had different responses to the Benedicts test. Both substances shared the same responseRead MoreInvestigating the Biomolecules found in Gelatin Essay1104 Words   |  5 Pagesï » ¿Investigating the Biomolecules found in Gelatin Abstract: For this inquiry lab, the research team tested the gelatin solution for the presence of biomolecules. The team searched for the presence of starch, glucose, lipids, and proteins through the use of indicators: Sudan III, Lugol’s iodine, Benedict’s solution, and Biuret’s reagent. After testing the gelatin solution in the presence of the indicators, the results showed that Lugol’s reacted, turning orange-pink (oils) and the Biuret reagent (protein)Read MoreA Research Study On Synthetic Biology1324 Words   |  6 Pages2.1 Fundamental research Synthetic biology has a lot to offer in fundamental research. Starting from the most well characterised laboratory organism, E.coli, we are still in half way from full knowledge of understanding the function of all its genes as the functions of 20% of them are still to be identified (Keseler et al., 2011). Moreover there are many more other microorganisms with great importance which are even less-well understood. Synthetic biology provides the ability to make specificRead MoreRoche Group Application Report1023 Words   |  5 Pagesinspired materials. Examples include synthetic and fungal melanin pigments, antimicrobial and interfacial assemblies of plant cuticles, and environmentally important pyrogenic organic matter, spanning a broad range of applications in structural biology, supramolecular organic chemistry, and biomedical science, and environmental chemistry. For instance, insoluble and amorphous eumelanin pigment assemblies of the human fungal pathogen Cryptococcus neoformans are associated with microbial virulenceRead MoreMurder And A Meal Lab Report Essay1342 Words   |  6 PagesGarrett Stewart Mr. Dinunzio Honors Biology 22 November 2016 Murder and a Meal Lab Report The purpose of this lab was to test different substances using various procedures to see what biomolecules were present and ultimately find out what restaurant Anna Lyza had eaten at before she died. For the first control test, we used vegetable oil to test for lipids. So, if the solution does not contain lipids, it does not become translucent when placed onto a paper bag square and held up to a lightRead MoreChemistry And Application Of Click Chemistry1411 Words   |  6 PagesClick Chemistry and Application Zhuo Wang Abstract: Discuss the history, mechanism and application of â€Å"Click chemistry†. Through the introduction of â€Å"Click chemistry†, demonstrate the role it plays in chemical biology filed, the typical synthesis way of this concept, and current application in drug synthesis and research. Keywords: Click chemistry, vivo system, Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition, CuAAC, Diels-Alder reaction Introduction: The phrase click chemistry was invented by K. Barry SharplessRead MoreReflection Essay976 Words   |  4 Pagescommonalities. Ligand (noun)- a substance that forms a complex with a biomolecule to serve a biological purpose. Ex: The biology professor explained that the ligand forms a complex with a biomolecule. Implicate (verb)- convey (a meaning or intention) indirectly through what one says, rather than stating it explicitly; imply. Ex: By saying what you said, you implicated that you don’t want to be here. Physiology (noun)- the branch of biology dealing with the functions and activities of living organisms andRead MoreDevelopment Of Optical Imaging Tools For Synapse Typing Essay1757 Words   |  8 Pagesand how different synapses organize in micro- and macroscale to give rise to complex brain functions and disorders, due to lack of appropriate tools to characterize synaptic biomolecules in situ in large scale. Here, I propose a novel research program to develop transformative tools for large-scale mapping of synaptic biomolecules, functional imaging of neurotransmission and neuronal signaling. Specifically, it will evolve along three main themes: 1. Expansion pathology for highly multiplexed, in situRead MoreThe Integration Of Computers And Software Tools940 Words   |  4 PagesBioinformatics is the integration of computers and software tools to analyse information associated with biomolecules on a large scale. Conventionally, biological study examines individual system in detail a nd uses the data that is produced to frequently compare similar systems that are related. However, bioinformatics facilitates scientists to study and conduct global analysis of all the available data. This allows researchers, to uncover common principles that may be applied across numerous systemsRead MoreChemistry : Biology And Chemical Biology1099 Words   |  5 Pages5. Bioorthogonal Click reactions Click chemistry has wide applications in biotechnology and chemical biology. For use of such reactions in the above disciplines of science, such click reactions need to be bioorthogonal. A bioorthogonal reaction is one which takes place without interfering with native biochemical processes. These type of reactions take place without interfering with components of the living system. The term bioorthogonal chemistry was coined by scientist Carolyn Bertozzi in 2003 (Wikipedia)

Industrialization In China Began In 1949 When The Communist

Industrialization in China began in 1949 when the Communist party took power. Ever since, the rapid economic growth of China has overshadowed the violations of human rights. China is a very powerful country that has a direct relationship between its economic growth and human rights abuse. Although others may argue on the positive aspects of industrialization such as creation of wealth, in this paper I argue that the industrialization in China has done more harm than good because it has particularly led to extremely harsh labor conditions within the factory system. The year 1949 is often called the â€Å"great historical watershed from old to new China.† This is when the Chinese Communist Party won the two month long civil war against the†¦show more content†¦Although, China is a great economical world power today, it is not due to The Great Leap Forward. The Great Leap Forward was a giant step backward and is considered the worst famine in human history with an  "estimated 30 million people perished between 1959 and 1962†. The overwhelming desire to industrialize backfired, but became the beginning of human rights abuse caused by harsh labor conditions. In order to fund industrial programs, â€Å"the Party would use profits from the agricultural sector, therefore the first priority was to increase agricultural output. That in turn, meant full-fledged mechanization.† To achieve full-fledged mechanization, thousands of male peasants were transferred to industrial work. They left the farm work for the women and the children. For example, in 1958 â€Å"the [Henan] province allocated 1.604 billion yuan to construction projects† and Wu Zhipu, the Chinese Communist Party governor of Henan, â€Å"crowed that ‘by the end of August, the province will have built or expanded 378,000 factories and mines of all kinds,’† which proved to be true when â€Å"workers employed in the province’s state-owned enterp rises more than doubled in number from 1957.† These workers were not only starved due to the mass starvation, but ridiculed with harsh government policies. â€Å"Anyone who aroused the wrath of a leader could beShow MoreRelatedEssay on Mao Zedong and the Chinese Revolution1583 Words   |  7 PagesIn 1949 a powerful communist leader by the name of Mao Zedong came to power based on his idea for a, â€Å"Great Leap Forward.† This idea was meant to bring China’s economy into the twentieth century. He had assembled a revolutionary government using traditional Chinese ideals of filial piety, harmony, and order. Maos cult of personality, party purges, and political policies reflect Maos esteem of these traditional Chinese ideals and history. However, the product of this revolution created a massiveRead MoreSoviet Revolutions And The Soviet Revolution1194 Words   |  5 Pagesthese revolutions, Russia and China stand out among them all. These two countries were the f irst two to fall to communist revolutions. Communists focused on eliminating class systems and creating a society where property is publicly owned and everyone is paid according to their abilities. Communists believed that this type of society would be better for all people. This ideal society was radically different from the one that existed in Russia and China. However, communists were able to conduct a successfulRead MoreThe Rise Of The Chinese Economy1441 Words   |  6 PagesOne such location is China, which experienced a major shift from a society revolved around independent sustenance in the agricultural industry into a society revolved around socialism, direct funding for the Chinese government through the Chinese people, and the mass-production of goods with high demand in the global market by co-operatives. Of course, the changes in the workings of the Chinese economy developed from the changes in the politics of China. On the 1st of October 1949, The People’s Repu blicRead MoreThe Leadership Of Zedong And The Communist Revolution Essay1367 Words   |  6 Pagesearly 21st century is attributed to the leadership of Mao Zedong and the Communist Revolution. The growing influence of Western Nations. Chairman Mao and the Communist Party evolved China from an agrarian society to an industrialized nation a short time span through social programs like the Great Leap Forward and Five Year Plan eventually resulting in a Cultural Revolution. Dissatisfaction with the Chinese government began in the 19th century. The Qing dynasty, lasting from 1644-1912 resilientlyRead MoreIndustrialization Of Industrialization And Industrialization Essay1693 Words   |  7 PagesIndustrialization is a starting point for many of the technologies and factories around and exists today, despite the negative influences of the industrialization, people gained many benefits from it too. For example, because of the industrialization workers are more efficient producing goods and products, also industrialization helped many people walked out of the countryside which broadens their perspectives. For many countries, industrialization is a voluntary movement within the country, butRead MoreThe Revolution : A Public Seizure Of The State Essay1616 Words   |  7 Pagesoverthrown and for a republic to be formed. With the concept of a revolution in mind, both the 1949 Chinese revolution and the 1979 Iranian revolution will be compared and analyzed to s ee if they fit the description of a revolution and if so what attributes make them so. First off, the Chinese revolution which occurred in 1949 was the basis of how communism rose to become the predominant form of government in China but the premise of it was the fact that socialist state would have the working class asRead MoreMao Zedong1741 Words   |  7 Pagesmust come from the masses and go to the masses.† What was Mao’s philosophy of how to lead a revolution, before and after 1949? Initially a radical revolutionary then a committed Marxist, Mao’s philosophy on how to lead a revolution was bathed in Nationalism. It is Mao’s love for China’s independence coupled with agrarian reforms that put Mao on the road to power. After 1949, Nationalism would reappear in Mao’s cultural policies, his relationship with Moscow and underdeveloped countries. MaoRead MoreEssay Some Effects of The Cold War1293 Words   |  6 PagesNearly 70 years ago, when the Soviet Union reigned in Europe along with the US, they were still in relative peace with the other world power. In fact, the â€Å"Big Three,† American President Franklin D. Roosevelt, Soviet Premier Josef Stalin, and British Prime Minister Winston Churchill had frequent meetings to discuss strategy and happenings in Europe at the time. Allies they had been, but then something changed though, and growing tensions forced the powers to drift apart. Eventually, it led to theRead MoreThe Relationship Between the Communist/Socialist Movements and the Liberation Movements1315 Words   |  6 PagesCommunist/socialist movements played a vital role in the development of liberation movements. Throughout most of Asia and Africa the communist/socialist sphere of influence grew to amass approximately a third of the worlds population. Engulfing many nations on the cusp of their independen ce. The relationship between the communist/socialist movements and liberation movements was based on an acting factor that enabled the movement to succeed because of the communist/socialist influence over the factorRead MoreThe Cold War And The Soviet Union Essay1400 Words   |  6 Pages The Cold War began as the World War II ended. This war ended two remaining superpowers, the United States of America and the Soviet Union. Harry S Truman and Soviet premier Joseph Stalin founds themselves on polarized sides of post war, one denounced communism while the other denounced capitalism. Stalin supported pro-Soviet communist governments in Eastern Europe and he wanted to ensure the USSR was protected from future German invasions. Truman’s plans were very different

Huminities Percholate is an Inorganic Compound Thyrotoxicant

Question: Discuss the thyroidal problems due to perchlorate? Answer: Percholate is an inorganic compound that is known for its thyrotoxicant nature as it affects the thyrod gland adversely by competitively inhibiting the uptake of iodide. A study conducted by tranet al. (2008) concluded that perchlorate is actively transported into the FRTL-5 cells (thyroid cells) by a thyroid stimulating hormone dependent process. The amount of percholate that is taken up is directly proportional to the amount of concentration of percholate in the medium and it gets saturated at higher concentration and the uptake is then blocked by iodide in a dose dependent manner. The transportation of percholate is mediated by sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) and some other factors may also contribute to the same (Tran et al., 2008). Percholate is associated with inhibition of iodide uptake and thereby inhibition of production of thyroid hormone and this fact was further supported by Gold et al. (2012). They concluded that if a dose of 0.5mg/kg/day of percholate was consumed, then t he inhibition of iodide uptake was seen and the production of TSH was reduced. The study concluded that if the consumed levels of percholate were below the threshold dose, it did not result in adverse thyroid health (Gold et al., 2012). Many other research based evidence suggests that the exposure of expecting mother to percholate in form of contaminated drinking water or food, often results in adverse effects in the neonates. There has been evidence in the increased levels of TSH of such new borns. As long as the mothers take adequate intake of iodide, the effect of percholate is suppressed (Amitai et al., 2007). Inanother research, in order to confirm the effect of percholate on the production of thyroid hormone, the genetic mechanism was studied. It was found that increased dosage of percholate affected the genes- NIS, tg and tPO. Further, percholate exerted its action by causing significant loss in the body weight and also lead to hypertrophy of the thyroid gland as well. This caused a decrease in the level of FT3, FT4 and a significant increase in the level of TSH (Thyroid stimulating hormone). The expression of the two genes- thyroglobulin (tg) and thyroperoxidase (TPO) were downregulated and reduced such that it directly affected the production of thyroid hormone (Wu, F. et al., 2010). Therefore, since higher dosage of percholate is concerned with the decreased production thyroid hormone, the women, during the gestation period and the children during infancy, should avoid exposure to this inorganic compound as it may become a common cause for congenital hypothyroidism and may affect the learning capability of the neonates and the young children. References Amitai, Y, et al. (2007). Gestational exposure to high perchlorate concentrations in drinking water and neonatal thyroxine levels. Thyroid, 17(9): 843-50. Clewell, R., Merrill, E., Narayanan, L. and Gearhart, J. (2004). Evidence for Competitive Inhibition of Iodide Uptake by Perchlorate and Translocation of Perchlorate into the Thyroid. International Journal of Toxicology, 23:17-23. Gold, E. et al. (2012). Thyroid hormones and thyroid disease in relation to perchlorate dose and residence near a superfund site. Journal of Exposure and Environmental Epidemiology, 2012:1-10. Steinmas, C., Miller, M. and Smith, A. (2010). Perchlorate in Drinking Water During Pregnancy and Neonatal +Thyroid Hormone Levels in California. JOEM, 52(12). Tran, N. et al. (2008). Thyroid-stimulating hormone increases active transport of perchlorate into thyroid cells. Am J PhysiolEndocrinol Metab., 294:E802-E806. Wu, F., Zhou, X., Zhang, R., Pan, M. and Peng, K. (2010). The Effects of Ammonium Perchlorate on Thyroid Homeostasis and Thyroid-Specific Gene Expression in Rat. Wiley periodicals, Inc.

Human Resource Management for Job Satisfaction- myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theHuman Resource Management for Job Satisfaction. Answer: New Employee Orientation at South wood School ABN 0098CF85 Meeting Agenda HR Meeting Date: 22 September 2017 Employee: Mr. Henry Jacob Supervisor: Ms. Jessica Brown, HR manager Subject Title Description Location Time Knowing about the HR management The new employee will be greeted and he will be taken around for an introduction session in every department. Details about the job role, dress code, shift timing, lunch options, and brief agenda of the first week will be informed to him. The new employee will be added to the departmental contact list. Entire department will be emailed about the new hire. He will be guided about the different places like canteen, bathrooms, personal belongings storage, first aid kit and so on. The cabin of the HR manager 8am- 10 am Finance Meeting Date: 22 September 2017 Employee: Mr. Henry Jacob Supervisor: Mr. Andrew Smith, Finance manager Subject Title Description Location Time Financial Details The new employee will be clarified about the mission, vision and objectives of the work and how his work will be related to the school. He will be shown the previous financial statements to get an idea. The supervisor will give him a guideline about the fiscal activities and outline his specific job role. He will also be explained about the norms of probation, performance and development. The cabin of the Finance manager 10 am- 12 noon Lunch break 12 noon to 1 pm HR Meeting Date: 22 September 2017 Employee: Mr. Henry Jacob Supervisor: Mr. Richard Collins, IT Head Subject Title Description Location Time About Information and Technology The supervisor will describe about the projects for which the employee has been recruited. He will be given detailed outline about his work in the team and what his other team members are doing. He should have a clear objective of the technical and scientific portion of the work assigned to him. The supervisor will ask if he has any query and how his progress can be tracked. He will get an overview of the project objectives and how he will have to manage several priorities. The supervisor will elaborately state the goals and priorities of the work and the management expectations from his work and the other members involvement. Meeting room 1pm- 3 pm HR Meeting Date: 22 September 2017 Employee: Mr. Henry Jacob Supervisor: Mr. James Edward, School administrator Subject Title Description Location Time Knowledge about the school The supervisor will provide the employee with an overview by presenting the relevant organizational chart. He will be given a brief idea about the school and the operational activities carried out by other employees. If he lacks any prior experience then he will be given a training to work under an old employee and learn the knowhow of his working environment. He will be briefed about the confidentiality issues and customer service tenets. He will be guided by reviewing the written resources and assigned a project with follow- up meeting. Conference room 3 pm- 5 pm The one- day long agenda for the induction of the new employee will help him to get an idea of the background of different departments involved in the working of the school. He will be able to prepare himself accordingly and adapt to the new environment. Following is the description of the meetings and interactions between Mr. Henry Jacob and the supervisors of different departments. The meeting with the HR was most effective as it helped the new employee to gather information, get introduced with team members and get acquainted with his work goals and objectives (Al-Emadi, Schwabenland Wei, 2015). Every individual has a different perspective to understand the significance of meetings. Therefore, it depends on the new employee how much will he gulp from the meeting with the HR about the operational activities of the school. To avoid monotony the HR had used slide presentation to catch the attention of the new employee as well as making him thorough with the technique and system of his workplace. This will lead to organizational effectiveness and will encourage and motivate the employee (Alessandri et al., 2015). A meeting with the financial supervisor of the school, the new employee will be able to set up goals regarding financial planning and get an idea of making investments or transferring assets into account. The important part in the meeting was to build up a professional relationship along with a personal touch to enhance efficiency (Atmojo, 2015). Trust, honesty and integrity will be boosted in this way. The finance department can is responsible for contributing to the management and operations by reporting on a regular basis on the success of the institution. Management accounting information is used by the school authority to keep a look on the operational activities and decide on further progress. A meeting with the IT department will help the new employee to build supportive relationships which is vital for learning about the skills and the techniques of the other members (Lawson, 2015). If he gets a hint of the technical knowhow he will be able to imbibe those skills within himself to participate in the workplace competition. Previous documents of work done by the department were shown to him who motivated him to work in the same way in order to be successful. The meeting cleared the air between the employee and the members of the institution which will lead to an effective team work that is essential for organizational performance. Thus, the meeting was an opportunity to grab the innovation for the newcomer (Manuti et al., 2015). When the new individual is going to join as an employee in school, his orientation would have been incomplete without meeting the school administrator. He presented the meeting in a very useful way so that he could understand every other function properly. The detailed information was given to the employee by means of a short five minutes film which was a tour around the school since its establishment. He was also provided with certain important documents to read and go through in order to involve in the system (Marsick Watkins, 2015). This ended the first day orientation of the new employee and he gained a lot of insights from the necessary meetings with the various departments. Reference Al-Emadi, A. A. Q., Schwabenland, C., Wei, Q. (2015). The vital role of employee retention in human resource management: A literature review.IUP Journal of Organizational Behavior,14(3), 7. Alessandri, G., Borgogni, L., Schaufeli, W. B., Caprara, G. V., Consiglio, C. (2015). From positive orientation to job performance: The role of work engagement and self-efficacy beliefs.Journal of Happiness Studies,16(3), 767-788. Atmojo, M. (2015). The influence of transformational leadership on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, and employee performance.International research journal of business studies,5(2). Lawson, K. (2015).New employee orientation training. Association for Talent Development. Manuti, A., Pastore, S., Scardigno, A. F., Giancaspro, M. L., Morciano, D. (2015). Formal and informal learning in the workplace: a research review.International Journal of Training and Development,19(1), 1-17. Marsick, V. J., Watkins, K. (2015).Informal and Incidental Learning in the Workplace (Routledge Revivals). Routledge.